Khazaria.com - History of Jewish Khazars, Khazar Turk, Khazarian Jews

[Khazaria.com - The
American Center of Khazar Studies]

A Resource for Turkic and Jewish History in Russia and Ukraine

Last Updated: December 10, 2012

Read about The Jews of Khazaria - the general-interest book about the Khazars in English.

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This Khazarian art from the Don valley was added to the Khazaria Image Gallery on June 25, 2012.

"The Bones of the Old Ones: A Novel" by Howard Andrew Jones, published in December 2012, has Khazar characters aplenty, introduced as people who wear fur hats and high boots and carry curved swords. Some of the Khazars are presented as individual characters. The novel mixes fact and fiction and on page 304 admits "As to pure fantasy, the Khazars did not have a doomsday cult that welcomed the world's end in ice."

Medieval Kingdom of Khazaria, 652-1016

Over a thousand years ago, the far east of Europe was ruled by Jewish kings who presided over numerous tribes, including their own tribe: the Turkic Khazars. After their conversion, the Khazar people used Jewish personal names, spoke and wrote in Hebrew, were circumcised, had synagogues and rabbis, studied the Torah and Talmud, and observed Hanukkah, Pesach, and the Sabbath. The Khazars were an advanced civilization with one of the most tolerant societies of the medieval period. It hosted merchants from all over Asia and Europe. On these pages it is hoped that you may learn more about this fascinating culture.

AN INTRODUCTION TO THE HISTORY OF KHAZARIA: Essays summarizing the history of the Khazars, their principal cities, their culture, and their conversion to Judaism in the 9th century.
An Introduction to the History of Khazaria
Current Issues in Khazar Studies
Los Khazares: un experimento europeo de construcción de un estado Judío - in Spanish
Histoire des Khazars: la nation juive de Russie et d'Ukraine - in French
Znakomstvo s Istoriey Xazarii - in Russian
Hazar Türkleri tarihine giriş - in Turkish

ILLUSTRATIONS AND PHOTOGRAPHS OF KHAZAR ARTIFACTS
The first gallery includes images of Turkic runes, Turkic tribe symbols, a Khazar metal disc with an engraving of the Star of David, Khazar-Saltovo amulets, depictions of an epic motif, Khazarian battle and hunting scenes, Khazar silver belts, and a map of Khazaria. The second link presents the display on 8th-9th century Khazar objects (including arms and armor) from the northwestern Caucasus from the March-September 2003 exhibit "Horse and Rider" at the State Historical Museum in Moscow.
Khazaria Image Gallery
Horse and Rider: Khazaria Exhibit

THE KHAZAR CAPITAL CITY OF ATIL
Atil was the third capital city of Khazaria until it was conquered in 969. Archaeologists have located the remains of Atil.
The Khazar Capital City of Atil

THE KHAZAR FORTRESS OF SARKEL
Sarkel's fortress was one of Khazaria's most important, serving both as a defensive structure and a trading caravan stopover. Includes images of the layout of the fortress, a bronze warrior figurine, pottery, jewelry, bricks, and other objects.
The Khazar Fortress of Sarkel

AN EXPLORATION OF KHAZARIAN SHAMANISM
The original religion of the Khazars was Tengri Shamanism.
An Exploration of Khazarian Shamanism

MEDIEVAL QUOTES ABOUT KHAZAR JUDAISM
Judaism was practiced widely among Khazars, as these authentic quotes from medieval chroniclers demonstrate.
Medieval Quotes About Khazar Judaism

DESCENDANTS OF THE KHAZARS IN EUROPE
What happened to the Khazars after the fall of their kingdom? This remains one of the most controversial questions in Khazar studies. Some new answers are beginning to emerge from new discoveries. The first essay summarizes the latest findings and uses these findings to re-evaluate the question. The second essay explains how we know that Eastern European Jews also descend from non-Khazar Jews. The third page gathers available evidence on genetics and shows that Ashkenazic Jews have substantial roots in the Middle East. The fourth page queries whether Jews who live in the Caucasus today descend from Khazar converts.
Are Russian Jews Descended from the Khazars?
Are Russian Jews Descended from the German and Bohemian Jews?
Jewish Genetics: Abstracts and Summaries
Are Mountain Jews Descended from the Khazars?

KHAZARIAN NAMES
A list of personal names that the Khazars used in their own country, including Turkic, Hebrew, and Slavic names.
Khazarian Names

EXCAVATION REPORTS FROM CHASTIYE KURGANY AND GOLDEN HILLS
Excavation reports with photographs of Khazarian graves and objects.
Khazar Burial Mounds at Chastiye Kurgany
Khazar-Era Fortress of Golden Hills (Zolotiye Gorki)

BIBLIOGRAPHY OF KHAZAR STUDIES
The largest database of references of books and articles about Khazarian history, including works in English, French, German, Hebrew, Hungarian, Russian, Swedish, and other languages.
Bibliography of Khazar Studies (1901-Present)

KHAZAR FICTION
A guide to conventionally-published novels, short stories, and poems about Khazaria.
Fictional Literature about the Khazars

THE KUZARI AND ITS AUTHOR
Yehudah ha-Levi was one of the greatest Spanish Jewish poets. He was born circa 1080 in Toledo, Spain, while it was under Islamic rule. He was a prolific writer of both Arabic and Hebrew poetry. From 1120 to 1140, ha-Levi wrote the famous 5-chapter book known as The Kuzari, which bases its storyline upon the Khazars' conversion to Judaism.
The Kuzari's References to the Khazar Conversion to Judaism
The Poetry and Prose of Yehudah ha-Levi

RUSSIAN-LANGUAGE HISTORIES OF KHAZARIA
This is a wonderfully illustrated guide to the history of the Khazars, compiled by staff at Rostov State University. The only unfortunate thing in the site is that Khazar Judaism is wrongly accused of causing strife and a civil war.
Khazarskiy Kaganat

THE KHAZAR CORRESPONDENCE
The Jews of Spain were introduced to facts about the Khazar kingdom largely through the efforts of Hasdai ibn Shaprut, vizier and physician to the Spanish caliphs, who wrote a letter to King Joseph of the Khazars.
Excerpts from the Letters of Hasdai ibn Shaprut and King Joseph

HISTORY OF THE PROTO-BULGARIANS
This book, translated from Bulgarian into English, chronicles the history and archaeology of the Khazars, Bulgars, North Caucasian Huns, and Alans. There are sections discussing the Khazar cities Sarkel and Balanjar. Includes maps, photographs, footnotes, quotes from historical sources.
History of the Proto-Bulgarians North and West of the Black Sea

OTHER ESSAYS ABOUT THE KHAZARS
Selected essays about Khazar history in English and Russian.
Khazars, by Roman K. Kovalev (from Encyclopedia of Russian History)
Khazaria, by Peter B. Golden (from The YIVO Encyclopedia of Jews in Eastern Europe)
Khazaria (586-1083 AD), by Dennis Leventhal
The Khazars, by Peter Wolfe and Jeff Zolitor
The Khazars, by Steven Lowe
The Khazar Kingdom: A Jewish Empire in the Middle Ages, by Rivka Shpak-Lissak
Khazar Khaganate, by Tristan Dugdale-Pointon (from Military History Encyclopedia on the Web)
Khazari: Il popolo dimenticato che difese l'Europa, by Lawrence M.F. Sudbury
Der erste Judenstaat Europas
Xazarskiy kostyum VII-X vv., by Aleksey (Kutluk) Tselikovskiy - about Khazarian and North Caucasian costumes
"Russkie xazary", with Svetlana Pletnyova and Vladimir Petrukhin
Khazary, by Svetlana A. Pletnyova
"Xazary. Xazarskii kaganat. Prinyatie iudaizma. Rastsvet i gibel' Xazarii." (Chapter 2) and "Xazary i slavyane. Evrey i Kievskaya Rus'. Nashestvie mongolov." (Chapter 3) in Ocherki vremen i sobytii, by Feliks S. Kandel'
Iudeo-xazarskoye tsarstvo v drevnyaya Rus', by Grigorii Vinogradov
K Istorii Yevreyskikh Obshchin Severnogo Kavkaza, by E. A. Rabaev
Novye materialy k probleme izucheniya slavyano-xazarskix otnosheniy (po pamyatnikam Severskogo Dontsa), by V. V. Koloda - about apparent coexistence and synchretism between certain groups of Khazars and Slavs
Issledovaniya v Verxnem Saltove v 1996 godu, by V. V. Koloda - discusses Khazarian/Saltovo burials, one of which contained a well-conserved felt boot
Krupneyshey punkt (gorod) Khazarii, by A. V. Kryganov - discusses the more than 30 Khazarian cities, some of which (particularly Atil) have not yet been located
Vooruzhenie i voennoe delo Khazarskogo kaganata, by A. V. Komar and Oleg Sukhobokov
Rannie khazary v Severnom Prichernomorye (Postanovka problemy), by A. V. Komar
Xazary, Xazarskiy kaganat - includes Mikhael Gorelik's illustration of Khazar kagan's palace in Atil
Rusi i Bizantiya, by Igor Godovich Semyonov
600 Lyet Vmeste i 50 Lyet Lzhi, by Semyon Charny, in Lekhaim, March 2003
V Storonu Khazarii, by Denis Sobolev, in Zhurnal "22" No. 103, pp. 114 ff. - brief history of Khazars
Vozvrashchenie v Khazariyu, by Denis Sobolev, in Zhurnal "22" No. 108, pp. 162 ff. - about controversy of descendants of Khazars and origins of Russian Jews
Tsarskie imenovaniya v drevnerusskom tezauruse problemi interpretatsii, by Dmitrii Kudryavtsev
The founding family of Kyivan-Rus': Sviatoslav the Conqueror, Part I, by Ingert Kuzych
ILLUSTRATIONS AND PHOTOGRAPHS OF KHAZAR ARTIFACTS: The first gallery includes images of Turkic runes, Turkic tribe symbols, a Khazar metal disc with an engraving of the Star of David, Khazar-Saltovo amulets, depictions of an epic motif, Khazarian battle and hunting scenes, Khazar silver belts, and a map of Khazaria. The second link presents the display on 8th-9th century Khazar objects (including arms and armor) from the northwestern Caucasus from the March-September 2003 exhibit "Horse and Rider" at the State Historical Museum in Moscow.
Khazaria Image Gallery
Horse and Rider: Khazaria Exhibit

THE KHAZAR CAPITAL CITY OF ATIL
Atil was the third capital city of Khazaria until it was conquered in 969. Archaeologists have located the remains of Atil.
The Khazar Capital City of Atil

THE KHAZAR FORTRESS OF SARKEL
Sarkel's fortress was one of Khazaria's most important, serving both as a defensive structure and a trading caravan stopover. Includes images of the layout of the fortress, a bronze warrior figurine, pottery, jewelry, bricks, and other objects.
The Khazar Fortress of Sarkel

AN EXPLORATION OF KHAZARIAN SHAMANISM
The original religion of the Khazars was Tengri Shamanism.
An Exploration of Khazarian Shamanism

MEDIEVAL QUOTES ABOUT KHAZAR JUDAISM
Judaism was practiced widely among Khazars, as these authentic quotes from medieval chroniclers demonstrate.
Medieval Quotes About Khazar Judaism

DESCENDANTS OF THE KHAZARS IN EUROPE
What happened to the Khazars after the fall of their kingdom? This remains one of the most controversial questions in Khazar studies. Some new answers are beginning to emerge from new discoveries. The first essay summarizes the latest findings and uses these findings to re-evaluate the question. The second essay explains how we know that Eastern European Jews also descend from non-Khazar Jews. The third page gathers available evidence on genetics and shows that Ashkenazic Jews have substantial roots in the Middle East. The fourth page queries whether Jews who live in the Caucasus today descend from Khazar converts.
Are Russian Jews Descended from the Khazars?
Are Russian Jews Descended from the German and Bohemian Jews?
Jewish Genetics: Abstracts and Summaries
Are Mountain Jews Descended from the Khazars?

KHAZARIAN NAMES
A list of personal names that the Khazars used in their own country, including Turkic, Hebrew, and Slavic names.
Khazarian Names

EXCAVATION REPORTS FROM CHASTIYE KURGANY AND GOLDEN HILLS
Excavation reports with photographs of Khazarian graves and objects.
Khazar Burial Mounds at Chastiye Kurgany
Khazar-Era Fortress of Golden Hills (Zolotiye Gorki)

BIBLIOGRAPHY OF KHAZAR STUDIES
The largest database of references of books and articles about Khazarian history, including works in English, French, German, Hebrew, Hungarian, Russian, Swedish, and other languages.
Bibliography of Khazar Studies (1901-Present)

KHAZAR FICTION
A guide to conventionally-published novels, short stories, and poems about Khazaria.
Fictional Literature about the Khazars

THE KUZARI AND ITS AUTHOR
Yehudah ha-Levi was one of the greatest Spanish Jewish poets. He was born circa 1080 in Toledo, Spain, while it was under Islamic rule. He was a prolific writer of both Arabic and Hebrew poetry. From 1120 to 1140, ha-Levi wrote the famous 5-chapter book known as The Kuzari, which bases its storyline upon the Khazars' conversion to Judaism.
The Kuzari's References to the Khazar Conversion to Judaism
The Poetry and Prose of Yehudah ha-Levi

RUSSIAN-LANGUAGE HISTORIES OF KHAZARIA
This is a wonderfully illustrated guide to the history of the Khazars, compiled by staff at Rostov State University. The only unfortunate thing in the site is that Khazar Judaism is wrongly accused of causing strife and a civil war.
Khazarskiy Kaganat

THE KHAZAR CORRESPONDENCE
The Jews of Spain were introduced to facts about the Khazar kingdom largely through the efforts of Hasdai ibn Shaprut, vizier and physician to the Spanish caliphs, who wrote a letter to King Joseph of the Khazars.
Excerpts from the Letters of Hasdai ibn Shaprut and King Joseph

HISTORY OF THE PROTO-BULGARIANS
This book, translated from Bulgarian into English, chronicles the history and archaeology of the Khazars, Bulgars, North Caucasian Huns, and Alans. There are sections discussing the Khazar cities Sarkel and Balanjar. Includes maps, photographs, footnotes, quotes from historical sources.
History of the Proto-Bulgarians North and West of the Black Sea

OTHER ESSAYS ABOUT THE KHAZARS
Selected essays about Khazar history in English and Russian.
Khazars, by Roman K. Kovalev (from Encyclopedia of Russian History)
Khazaria, by Peter B. Golden (from The YIVO Encyclopedia of Jews in Eastern Europe)
Khazaria (586-1083 AD), by Dennis Leventhal
The Khazars, by Peter Wolfe and Jeff Zolitor
The Khazars, by Steven Lowe
The Khazar Kingdom: A Jewish Empire in the Middle Ages, by Rivka Shpak-Lissak
Khazar Khaganate, by Tristan Dugdale-Pointon (from Military History Encyclopedia on the Web)
Khazari: Il popolo dimenticato che difese l'Europa, by Lawrence M.F. Sudbury
Der erste Judenstaat Europas
Xazarskiy kostyum VII-X vv., by Aleksey (Kutluk) Tselikovskiy - about Khazarian and North Caucasian costumes
"Russkie xazary", with Svetlana Pletnyova and Vladimir Petrukhin
Khazary, by Svetlana A. Pletnyova
"Xazary. Xazarskii kaganat. Prinyatie iudaizma. Rastsvet i gibel' Xazarii." (Chapter 2) and "Xazary i slavyane. Evrey i Kievskaya Rus'. Nashestvie mongolov." (Chapter 3) in Ocherki vremen i sobytii, by Feliks S. Kandel'
Iudeo-xazarskoye tsarstvo v drevnyaya Rus', by Grigorii Vinogradov
K Istorii Yevreyskikh Obshchin Severnogo Kavkaza, by E. A. Rabaev
Novye materialy k probleme izucheniya slavyano-xazarskix otnosheniy (po pamyatnikam Severskogo Dontsa), by V. V. Koloda - about apparent coexistence and synchretism between certain groups of Khazars and Slavs
Issledovaniya v Verxnem Saltove v 1996 godu, by V. V. Koloda - discusses Khazarian/Saltovo burials, one of which contained a well-conserved felt boot
Krupneyshey punkt (gorod) Khazarii, by A. V. Kryganov - discusses the more than 30 Khazarian cities, some of which (particularly Atil) have not yet been located
Vooruzhenie i voennoe delo Khazarskogo kaganata, by A. V. Komar and Oleg Sukhobokov
Rannie khazary v Severnom Prichernomorye (Postanovka problemy), by A. V. Komar
Xazary, Xazarskiy kaganat - includes Mikhael Gorelik's illustration of Khazar kagan's palace in Atil
Rusi i Bizantiya, by Igor Godovich Semyonov
600 Lyet Vmeste i 50 Lyet Lzhi, by Semyon Charny, in Lekhaim, March 2003
V Storonu Khazarii, by Denis Sobolev, in Zhurnal "22" No. 103, pp. 114 ff. - brief history of Khazars
Vozvrashchenie v Khazariyu, by Denis Sobolev, in Zhurnal "22" No. 108, pp. 162 ff. - about controversy of descendants of Khazars and origins of Russian Jews
Tsarskie imenovaniya v drevnerusskom tezauruse problemi interpretatsii, by Dmitrii Kudryavtsev
The founding family of Kyivan-Rus': Sviatoslav the Conqueror, Part I, by Ingert Kuzych
THE KHAZAR CAPITAL CITY OF ATIL: Atil was the third capital city of Khazaria until it was conquered in 969. Archaeologists have located the remains of Atil.
The Khazar Capital City of Atil

THE KHAZAR FORTRESS OF SARKEL
Sarkel's fortress was one of Khazaria's most important, serving both as a defensive structure and a trading caravan stopover. Includes images of the layout of the fortress, a bronze warrior figurine, pottery, jewelry, bricks, and other objects.
The Khazar Fortress of Sarkel

AN EXPLORATION OF KHAZARIAN SHAMANISM
The original religion of the Khazars was Tengri Shamanism.
An Exploration of Khazarian Shamanism

MEDIEVAL QUOTES ABOUT KHAZAR JUDAISM
Judaism was practiced widely among Khazars, as these authentic quotes from medieval chroniclers demonstrate.
Medieval Quotes About Khazar Judaism

DESCENDANTS OF THE KHAZARS IN EUROPE
What happened to the Khazars after the fall of their kingdom? This remains one of the most controversial questions in Khazar studies. Some new answers are beginning to emerge from new discoveries. The first essay summarizes the latest findings and uses these findings to re-evaluate the question. The second essay explains how we know that Eastern European Jews also descend from non-Khazar Jews. The third page gathers available evidence on genetics and shows that Ashkenazic Jews have substantial roots in the Middle East. The fourth page queries whether Jews who live in the Caucasus today descend from Khazar converts.
Are Russian Jews Descended from the Khazars?
Are Russian Jews Descended from the German and Bohemian Jews?
Jewish Genetics: Abstracts and Summaries
Are Mountain Jews Descended from the Khazars?

KHAZARIAN NAMES
A list of personal names that the Khazars used in their own country, including Turkic, Hebrew, and Slavic names.
Khazarian Names

EXCAVATION REPORTS FROM CHASTIYE KURGANY AND GOLDEN HILLS
Excavation reports with photographs of Khazarian graves and objects.
Khazar Burial Mounds at Chastiye Kurgany
Khazar-Era Fortress of Golden Hills (Zolotiye Gorki)

BIBLIOGRAPHY OF KHAZAR STUDIES
The largest database of references of books and articles about Khazarian history, including works in English, French, German, Hebrew, Hungarian, Russian, Swedish, and other languages.
Bibliography of Khazar Studies (1901-Present)

KHAZAR FICTION
A guide to conventionally-published novels, short stories, and poems about Khazaria.
Fictional Literature about the Khazars

THE KUZARI AND ITS AUTHOR
Yehudah ha-Levi was one of the greatest Spanish Jewish poets. He was born circa 1080 in Toledo, Spain, while it was under Islamic rule. He was a prolific writer of both Arabic and Hebrew poetry. From 1120 to 1140, ha-Levi wrote the famous 5-chapter book known as The Kuzari, which bases its storyline upon the Khazars' conversion to Judaism.
The Kuzari's References to the Khazar Conversion to Judaism
The Poetry and Prose of Yehudah ha-Levi

RUSSIAN-LANGUAGE HISTORIES OF KHAZARIA
This is a wonderfully illustrated guide to the history of the Khazars, compiled by staff at Rostov State University. The only unfortunate thing in the site is that Khazar Judaism is wrongly accused of causing strife and a civil war.
Khazarskiy Kaganat

THE KHAZAR CORRESPONDENCE
The Jews of Spain were introduced to facts about the Khazar kingdom largely through the efforts of Hasdai ibn Shaprut, vizier and physician to the Spanish caliphs, who wrote a letter to King Joseph of the Khazars.
Excerpts from the Letters of Hasdai ibn Shaprut and King Joseph

HISTORY OF THE PROTO-BULGARIANS
This book, translated from Bulgarian into English, chronicles the history and archaeology of the Khazars, Bulgars, North Caucasian Huns, and Alans. There are sections discussing the Khazar cities Sarkel and Balanjar. Includes maps, photographs, footnotes, quotes from historical sources.
History of the Proto-Bulgarians North and West of the Black Sea

OTHER ESSAYS ABOUT THE KHAZARS
Selected essays about Khazar history in English and Russian.
Khazars, by Roman K. Kovalev (from Encyclopedia of Russian History)
Khazaria, by Peter B. Golden (from The YIVO Encyclopedia of Jews in Eastern Europe)
Khazaria (586-1083 AD), by Dennis Leventhal
The Khazars, by Peter Wolfe and Jeff Zolitor
The Khazars, by Steven Lowe
The Khazar Kingdom: A Jewish Empire in the Middle Ages, by Rivka Shpak-Lissak
Khazar Khaganate, by Tristan Dugdale-Pointon (from Military History Encyclopedia on the Web)
Khazari: Il popolo dimenticato che difese l'Europa, by Lawrence M.F. Sudbury
Der erste Judenstaat Europas
Xazarskiy kostyum VII-X vv., by Aleksey (Kutluk) Tselikovskiy - about Khazarian and North Caucasian costumes
"Russkie xazary", with Svetlana Pletnyova and Vladimir Petrukhin
Khazary, by Svetlana A. Pletnyova
"Xazary. Xazarskii kaganat. Prinyatie iudaizma. Rastsvet i gibel' Xazarii." (Chapter 2) and "Xazary i slavyane. Evrey i Kievskaya Rus'. Nashestvie mongolov." (Chapter 3) in Ocherki vremen i sobytii, by Feliks S. Kandel'
Iudeo-xazarskoye tsarstvo v drevnyaya Rus', by Grigorii Vinogradov
K Istorii Yevreyskikh Obshchin Severnogo Kavkaza, by E. A. Rabaev
Novye materialy k probleme izucheniya slavyano-xazarskix otnosheniy (po pamyatnikam Severskogo Dontsa), by V. V. Koloda - about apparent coexistence and synchretism between certain groups of Khazars and Slavs
Issledovaniya v Verxnem Saltove v 1996 godu, by V. V. Koloda - discusses Khazarian/Saltovo burials, one of which contained a well-conserved felt boot
Krupneyshey punkt (gorod) Khazarii, by A. V. Kryganov - discusses the more than 30 Khazarian cities, some of which (particularly Atil) have not yet been located
Vooruzhenie i voennoe delo Khazarskogo kaganata, by A. V. Komar and Oleg Sukhobokov
Rannie khazary v Severnom Prichernomorye (Postanovka problemy), by A. V. Komar
Xazary, Xazarskiy kaganat - includes Mikhael Gorelik's illustration of Khazar kagan's palace in Atil
Rusi i Bizantiya, by Igor Godovich Semyonov
600 Lyet Vmeste i 50 Lyet Lzhi, by Semyon Charny, in Lekhaim, March 2003
V Storonu Khazarii, by Denis Sobolev, in Zhurnal "22" No. 103, pp. 114 ff. - brief history of Khazars
Vozvrashchenie v Khazariyu, by Denis Sobolev, in Zhurnal "22" No. 108, pp. 162 ff. - about controversy of descendants of Khazars and origins of Russian Jews
Tsarskie imenovaniya v drevnerusskom tezauruse problemi interpretatsii, by Dmitrii Kudryavtsev
The founding family of Kyivan-Rus': Sviatoslav the Conqueror, Part I, by Ingert Kuzych
THE KHAZAR FORTRESS OF SARKEL: Sarkel's fortress was one of Khazaria's most important, serving both as a defensive structure and a trading caravan stopover. Includes images of the layout of the fortress, a bronze warrior figurine, pottery, jewelry, bricks, and other objects.
The Khazar Fortress of Sarkel

AN EXPLORATION OF KHAZARIAN SHAMANISM
The original religion of the Khazars was Tengri Shamanism.
An Exploration of Khazarian Shamanism

MEDIEVAL QUOTES ABOUT KHAZAR JUDAISM
Judaism was practiced widely among Khazars, as these authentic quotes from medieval chroniclers demonstrate.
Medieval Quotes About Khazar Judaism

DESCENDANTS OF THE KHAZARS IN EUROPE
What happened to the Khazars after the fall of their kingdom? This remains one of the most controversial questions in Khazar studies. Some new answers are beginning to emerge from new discoveries. The first essay summarizes the latest findings and uses these findings to re-evaluate the question. The second essay explains how we know that Eastern European Jews also descend from non-Khazar Jews. The third page gathers available evidence on genetics and shows that Ashkenazic Jews have substantial roots in the Middle East. The fourth page queries whether Jews who live in the Caucasus today descend from Khazar converts.
Are Russian Jews Descended from the Khazars?
Are Russian Jews Descended from the German and Bohemian Jews?
Jewish Genetics: Abstracts and Summaries
Are Mountain Jews Descended from the Khazars?

KHAZARIAN NAMES
A list of personal names that the Khazars used in their own country, including Turkic, Hebrew, and Slavic names.
Khazarian Names

EXCAVATION REPORTS FROM CHASTIYE KURGANY AND GOLDEN HILLS
Excavation reports with photographs of Khazarian graves and objects.
Khazar Burial Mounds at Chastiye Kurgany
Khazar-Era Fortress of Golden Hills (Zolotiye Gorki)

BIBLIOGRAPHY OF KHAZAR STUDIES
The largest database of references of books and articles about Khazarian history, including works in English, French, German, Hebrew, Hungarian, Russian, Swedish, and other languages.
Bibliography of Khazar Studies (1901-Present)

KHAZAR FICTION
A guide to conventionally-published novels, short stories, and poems about Khazaria.
Fictional Literature about the Khazars

THE KUZARI AND ITS AUTHOR
Yehudah ha-Levi was one of the greatest Spanish Jewish poets. He was born circa 1080 in Toledo, Spain, while it was under Islamic rule. He was a prolific writer of both Arabic and Hebrew poetry. From 1120 to 1140, ha-Levi wrote the famous 5-chapter book known as The Kuzari, which bases its storyline upon the Khazars' conversion to Judaism.
The Kuzari's References to the Khazar Conversion to Judaism
The Poetry and Prose of Yehudah ha-Levi

RUSSIAN-LANGUAGE HISTORIES OF KHAZARIA
This is a wonderfully illustrated guide to the history of the Khazars, compiled by staff at Rostov State University. The only unfortunate thing in the site is that Khazar Judaism is wrongly accused of causing strife and a civil war.
Khazarskiy Kaganat

THE KHAZAR CORRESPONDENCE
The Jews of Spain were introduced to facts about the Khazar kingdom largely through the efforts of Hasdai ibn Shaprut, vizier and physician to the Spanish caliphs, who wrote a letter to King Joseph of the Khazars.
Excerpts from the Letters of Hasdai ibn Shaprut and King Joseph

HISTORY OF THE PROTO-BULGARIANS
This book, translated from Bulgarian into English, chronicles the history and archaeology of the Khazars, Bulgars, North Caucasian Huns, and Alans. There are sections discussing the Khazar cities Sarkel and Balanjar. Includes maps, photographs, footnotes, quotes from historical sources.
History of the Proto-Bulgarians North and West of the Black Sea

OTHER ESSAYS ABOUT THE KHAZARS
Selected essays about Khazar history in English and Russian.
Khazars, by Roman K. Kovalev (from Encyclopedia of Russian History)
Khazaria, by Peter B. Golden (from The YIVO Encyclopedia of Jews in Eastern Europe)
Khazaria (586-1083 AD), by Dennis Leventhal
The Khazars, by Peter Wolfe and Jeff Zolitor
The Khazars, by Steven Lowe
The Khazar Kingdom: A Jewish Empire in the Middle Ages, by Rivka Shpak-Lissak
Khazar Khaganate, by Tristan Dugdale-Pointon (from Military History Encyclopedia on the Web)
Khazari: Il popolo dimenticato che difese l'Europa, by Lawrence M.F. Sudbury
Der erste Judenstaat Europas
Xazarskiy kostyum VII-X vv., by Aleksey (Kutluk) Tselikovskiy - about Khazarian and North Caucasian costumes
"Russkie xazary", with Svetlana Pletnyova and Vladimir Petrukhin
Khazary, by Svetlana A. Pletnyova
"Xazary. Xazarskii kaganat. Prinyatie iudaizma. Rastsvet i gibel' Xazarii." (Chapter 2) and "Xazary i slavyane. Evrey i Kievskaya Rus'. Nashestvie mongolov." (Chapter 3) in Ocherki vremen i sobytii, by Feliks S. Kandel'
Iudeo-xazarskoye tsarstvo v drevnyaya Rus', by Grigorii Vinogradov
K Istorii Yevreyskikh Obshchin Severnogo Kavkaza, by E. A. Rabaev
Novye materialy k probleme izucheniya slavyano-xazarskix otnosheniy (po pamyatnikam Severskogo Dontsa), by V. V. Koloda - about apparent coexistence and synchretism between certain groups of Khazars and Slavs
Issledovaniya v Verxnem Saltove v 1996 godu, by V. V. Koloda - discusses Khazarian/Saltovo burials, one of which contained a well-conserved felt boot
Krupneyshey punkt (gorod) Khazarii, by A. V. Kryganov - discusses the more than 30 Khazarian cities, some of which (particularly Atil) have not yet been located
Vooruzhenie i voennoe delo Khazarskogo kaganata, by A. V. Komar and Oleg Sukhobokov
Rannie khazary v Severnom Prichernomorye (Postanovka problemy), by A. V. Komar
Xazary, Xazarskiy kaganat - includes Mikhael Gorelik's illustration of Khazar kagan's palace in Atil
Rusi i Bizantiya, by Igor Godovich Semyonov
600 Lyet Vmeste i 50 Lyet Lzhi, by Semyon Charny, in Lekhaim, March 2003
V Storonu Khazarii, by Denis Sobolev, in Zhurnal "22" No. 103, pp. 114 ff. - brief history of Khazars
Vozvrashchenie v Khazariyu, by Denis Sobolev, in Zhurnal "22" No. 108, pp. 162 ff. - about controversy of descendants of Khazars and origins of Russian Jews
Tsarskie imenovaniya v drevnerusskom tezauruse problemi interpretatsii, by Dmitrii Kudryavtsev
The founding family of Kyivan-Rus': Sviatoslav the Conqueror, Part I, by Ingert Kuzych
AN EXPLORATION OF KHAZARIAN SHAMANISM: The original religion of the Khazars was Tengri Shamanism.
An Exploration of Khazarian Shamanism

MEDIEVAL QUOTES ABOUT KHAZAR JUDAISM
Judaism was practiced widely among Khazars, as these authentic quotes from medieval chroniclers demonstrate.
Medieval Quotes About Khazar Judaism

DESCENDANTS OF THE KHAZARS IN EUROPE
What happened to the Khazars after the fall of their kingdom? This remains one of the most controversial questions in Khazar studies. Some new answers are beginning to emerge from new discoveries. The first essay summarizes the latest findings and uses these findings to re-evaluate the question. The second essay explains how we know that Eastern European Jews also descend from non-Khazar Jews. The third page gathers available evidence on genetics and shows that Ashkenazic Jews have substantial roots in the Middle East. The fourth page queries whether Jews who live in the Caucasus today descend from Khazar converts.
Are Russian Jews Descended from the Khazars?
Are Russian Jews Descended from the German and Bohemian Jews?
Jewish Genetics: Abstracts and Summaries
Are Mountain Jews Descended from the Khazars?

KHAZARIAN NAMES
A list of personal names that the Khazars used in their own country, including Turkic, Hebrew, and Slavic names.
Khazarian Names

EXCAVATION REPORTS FROM CHASTIYE KURGANY AND GOLDEN HILLS
Excavation reports with photographs of Khazarian graves and objects.
Khazar Burial Mounds at Chastiye Kurgany
Khazar-Era Fortress of Golden Hills (Zolotiye Gorki)

BIBLIOGRAPHY OF KHAZAR STUDIES
The largest database of references of books and articles about Khazarian history, including works in English, French, German, Hebrew, Hungarian, Russian, Swedish, and other languages.
Bibliography of Khazar Studies (1901-Present)

KHAZAR FICTION
A guide to conventionally-published novels, short stories, and poems about Khazaria.
Fictional Literature about the Khazars

THE KUZARI AND ITS AUTHOR
Yehudah ha-Levi was one of the greatest Spanish Jewish poets. He was born circa 1080 in Toledo, Spain, while it was under Islamic rule. He was a prolific writer of both Arabic and Hebrew poetry. From 1120 to 1140, ha-Levi wrote the famous 5-chapter book known as The Kuzari, which bases its storyline upon the Khazars' conversion to Judaism.
The Kuzari's References to the Khazar Conversion to Judaism
The Poetry and Prose of Yehudah ha-Levi

RUSSIAN-LANGUAGE HISTORIES OF KHAZARIA
This is a wonderfully illustrated guide to the history of the Khazars, compiled by staff at Rostov State University. The only unfortunate thing in the site is that Khazar Judaism is wrongly accused of causing strife and a civil war.
Khazarskiy Kaganat

THE KHAZAR CORRESPONDENCE
The Jews of Spain were introduced to facts about the Khazar kingdom largely through the efforts of Hasdai ibn Shaprut, vizier and physician to the Spanish caliphs, who wrote a letter to King Joseph of the Khazars.
Excerpts from the Letters of Hasdai ibn Shaprut and King Joseph

HISTORY OF THE PROTO-BULGARIANS
This book, translated from Bulgarian into English, chronicles the history and archaeology of the Khazars, Bulgars, North Caucasian Huns, and Alans. There are sections discussing the Khazar cities Sarkel and Balanjar. Includes maps, photographs, footnotes, quotes from historical sources.
History of the Proto-Bulgarians North and West of the Black Sea

OTHER ESSAYS ABOUT THE KHAZARS
Selected essays about Khazar history in English and Russian.
Khazars, by Roman K. Kovalev (from Encyclopedia of Russian History)
Khazaria, by Peter B. Golden (from The YIVO Encyclopedia of Jews in Eastern Europe)
Khazaria (586-1083 AD), by Dennis Leventhal
The Khazars, by Peter Wolfe and Jeff Zolitor
The Khazars, by Steven Lowe
The Khazar Kingdom: A Jewish Empire in the Middle Ages, by Rivka Shpak-Lissak
Khazar Khaganate, by Tristan Dugdale-Pointon (from Military History Encyclopedia on the Web)
Khazari: Il popolo dimenticato che difese l'Europa, by Lawrence M.F. Sudbury
Der erste Judenstaat Europas
Xazarskiy kostyum VII-X vv., by Aleksey (Kutluk) Tselikovskiy - about Khazarian and North Caucasian costumes
"Russkie xazary", with Svetlana Pletnyova and Vladimir Petrukhin
Khazary, by Svetlana A. Pletnyova
"Xazary. Xazarskii kaganat. Prinyatie iudaizma. Rastsvet i gibel' Xazarii." (Chapter 2) and "Xazary i slavyane. Evrey i Kievskaya Rus'. Nashestvie mongolov." (Chapter 3) in Ocherki vremen i sobytii, by Feliks S. Kandel'
Iudeo-xazarskoye tsarstvo v drevnyaya Rus', by Grigorii Vinogradov
K Istorii Yevreyskikh Obshchin Severnogo Kavkaza, by E. A. Rabaev
Novye materialy k probleme izucheniya slavyano-xazarskix otnosheniy (po pamyatnikam Severskogo Dontsa), by V. V. Koloda - about apparent coexistence and synchretism between certain groups of Khazars and Slavs
Issledovaniya v Verxnem Saltove v 1996 godu, by V. V. Koloda - discusses Khazarian/Saltovo burials, one of which contained a well-conserved felt boot
Krupneyshey punkt (gorod) Khazarii, by A. V. Kryganov - discusses the more than 30 Khazarian cities, some of which (particularly Atil) have not yet been located
Vooruzhenie i voennoe delo Khazarskogo kaganata, by A. V. Komar and Oleg Sukhobokov
Rannie khazary v Severnom Prichernomorye (Postanovka problemy), by A. V. Komar
Xazary, Xazarskiy kaganat - includes Mikhael Gorelik's illustration of Khazar kagan's palace in Atil
Rusi i Bizantiya, by Igor Godovich Semyonov
600 Lyet Vmeste i 50 Lyet Lzhi, by Semyon Charny, in Lekhaim, March 2003
V Storonu Khazarii, by Denis Sobolev, in Zhurnal "22" No. 103, pp. 114 ff. - brief history of Khazars
Vozvrashchenie v Khazariyu, by Denis Sobolev, in Zhurnal "22" No. 108, pp. 162 ff. - about controversy of descendants of Khazars and origins of Russian Jews
Tsarskie imenovaniya v drevnerusskom tezauruse problemi interpretatsii, by Dmitrii Kudryavtsev
The founding family of Kyivan-Rus': Sviatoslav the Conqueror, Part I, by Ingert Kuzych
MEDIEVAL QUOTES ABOUT KHAZAR JUDAISM: Judaism was practiced widely among Khazars, as these authentic quotes from medieval chroniclers demonstrate.
Medieval Quotes About Khazar Judaism

DESCENDANTS OF THE KHAZARS IN EUROPE
What happened to the Khazars after the fall of their kingdom? This remains one of the most controversial questions in Khazar studies. Some new answers are beginning to emerge from new discoveries. The first essay summarizes the latest findings and uses these findings to re-evaluate the question. The second essay explains how we know that Eastern European Jews also descend from non-Khazar Jews. The third page gathers available evidence on genetics and shows that Ashkenazic Jews have substantial roots in the Middle East. The fourth page queries whether Jews who live in the Caucasus today descend from Khazar converts.
Are Russian Jews Descended from the Khazars?
Are Russian Jews Descended from the German and Bohemian Jews?
Jewish Genetics: Abstracts and Summaries
Are Mountain Jews Descended from the Khazars?

KHAZARIAN NAMES
A list of personal names that the Khazars used in their own country, including Turkic, Hebrew, and Slavic names.
Khazarian Names

EXCAVATION REPORTS FROM CHASTIYE KURGANY AND GOLDEN HILLS
Excavation reports with photographs of Khazarian graves and objects.
Khazar Burial Mounds at Chastiye Kurgany
Khazar-Era Fortress of Golden Hills (Zolotiye Gorki)

BIBLIOGRAPHY OF KHAZAR STUDIES
The largest database of references of books and articles about Khazarian history, including works in English, French, German, Hebrew, Hungarian, Russian, Swedish, and other languages.
Bibliography of Khazar Studies (1901-Present)

KHAZAR FICTION
A guide to conventionally-published novels, short stories, and poems about Khazaria.
Fictional Literature about the Khazars

THE KUZARI AND ITS AUTHOR
Yehudah ha-Levi was one of the greatest Spanish Jewish poets. He was born circa 1080 in Toledo, Spain, while it was under Islamic rule. He was a prolific writer of both Arabic and Hebrew poetry. From 1120 to 1140, ha-Levi wrote the famous 5-chapter book known as The Kuzari, which bases its storyline upon the Khazars' conversion to Judaism.
The Kuzari's References to the Khazar Conversion to Judaism
The Poetry and Prose of Yehudah ha-Levi

RUSSIAN-LANGUAGE HISTORIES OF KHAZARIA
This is a wonderfully illustrated guide to the history of the Khazars, compiled by staff at Rostov State University. The only unfortunate thing in the site is that Khazar Judaism is wrongly accused of causing strife and a civil war.
Khazarskiy Kaganat

THE KHAZAR CORRESPONDENCE
The Jews of Spain were introduced to facts about the Khazar kingdom largely through the efforts of Hasdai ibn Shaprut, vizier and physician to the Spanish caliphs, who wrote a letter to King Joseph of the Khazars.
Excerpts from the Letters of Hasdai ibn Shaprut and King Joseph

HISTORY OF THE PROTO-BULGARIANS
This book, translated from Bulgarian into English, chronicles the history and archaeology of the Khazars, Bulgars, North Caucasian Huns, and Alans. There are sections discussing the Khazar cities Sarkel and Balanjar. Includes maps, photographs, footnotes, quotes from historical sources.
History of the Proto-Bulgarians North and West of the Black Sea

OTHER ESSAYS ABOUT THE KHAZARS
Selected essays about Khazar history in English and Russian.
Khazars, by Roman K. Kovalev (from Encyclopedia of Russian History)
Khazaria, by Peter B. Golden (from The YIVO Encyclopedia of Jews in Eastern Europe)
Khazaria (586-1083 AD), by Dennis Leventhal
The Khazars, by Peter Wolfe and Jeff Zolitor
The Khazars, by Steven Lowe
The Khazar Kingdom: A Jewish Empire in the Middle Ages, by Rivka Shpak-Lissak
Khazar Khaganate, by Tristan Dugdale-Pointon (from Military History Encyclopedia on the Web)
Khazari: Il popolo dimenticato che difese l'Europa, by Lawrence M.F. Sudbury
Der erste Judenstaat Europas
Xazarskiy kostyum VII-X vv., by Aleksey (Kutluk) Tselikovskiy - about Khazarian and North Caucasian costumes
"Russkie xazary", with Svetlana Pletnyova and Vladimir Petrukhin
Khazary, by Svetlana A. Pletnyova
"Xazary. Xazarskii kaganat. Prinyatie iudaizma. Rastsvet i gibel' Xazarii." (Chapter 2) and "Xazary i slavyane. Evrey i Kievskaya Rus'. Nashestvie mongolov." (Chapter 3) in Ocherki vremen i sobytii, by Feliks S. Kandel'
Iudeo-xazarskoye tsarstvo v drevnyaya Rus', by Grigorii Vinogradov
K Istorii Yevreyskikh Obshchin Severnogo Kavkaza, by E. A. Rabaev
Novye materialy k probleme izucheniya slavyano-xazarskix otnosheniy (po pamyatnikam Severskogo Dontsa), by V. V. Koloda - about apparent coexistence and synchretism between certain groups of Khazars and Slavs
Issledovaniya v Verxnem Saltove v 1996 godu, by V. V. Koloda - discusses Khazarian/Saltovo burials, one of which contained a well-conserved felt boot
Krupneyshey punkt (gorod) Khazarii, by A. V. Kryganov - discusses the more than 30 Khazarian cities, some of which (particularly Atil) have not yet been located
Vooruzhenie i voennoe delo Khazarskogo kaganata, by A. V. Komar and Oleg Sukhobokov
Rannie khazary v Severnom Prichernomorye (Postanovka problemy), by A. V. Komar
Xazary, Xazarskiy kaganat - includes Mikhael Gorelik's illustration of Khazar kagan's palace in Atil
Rusi i Bizantiya, by Igor Godovich Semyonov
600 Lyet Vmeste i 50 Lyet Lzhi, by Semyon Charny, in Lekhaim, March 2003
V Storonu Khazarii, by Denis Sobolev, in Zhurnal "22" No. 103, pp. 114 ff. - brief history of Khazars
Vozvrashchenie v Khazariyu, by Denis Sobolev, in Zhurnal "22" No. 108, pp. 162 ff. - about controversy of descendants of Khazars and origins of Russian Jews
Tsarskie imenovaniya v drevnerusskom tezauruse problemi interpretatsii, by Dmitrii Kudryavtsev
The founding family of Kyivan-Rus': Sviatoslav the Conqueror, Part I, by Ingert Kuzych
DESCENDANTS OF THE KHAZARS IN EUROPE: What happened to the Khazars after the fall of their kingdom? This remains one of the most controversial questions in Khazar studies. Some new answers are beginning to emerge from new discoveries. The first essay summarizes the latest findings and uses these findings to re-evaluate the question. The second essay explains how we know that Eastern European Jews also descend from non-Khazar Jews. The third page gathers available evidence on genetics and shows that Ashkenazic Jews have substantial roots in the Middle East. The fourth page queries whether Jews who live in the Caucasus today descend from Khazar converts.
Are Russian Jews Descended from the Khazars?
Are Russian Jews Descended from the German and Bohemian Jews?
Jewish Genetics: Abstracts and Summaries
Are Mountain Jews Descended from the Khazars?

KHAZARIAN NAMES
A list of personal names that the Khazars used in their own country, including Turkic, Hebrew, and Slavic names.
Khazarian Names

EXCAVATION REPORTS FROM CHASTIYE KURGANY AND GOLDEN HILLS
Excavation reports with photographs of Khazarian graves and objects.
Khazar Burial Mounds at Chastiye Kurgany
Khazar-Era Fortress of Golden Hills (Zolotiye Gorki)

BIBLIOGRAPHY OF KHAZAR STUDIES
The largest database of references of books and articles about Khazarian history, including works in English, French, German, Hebrew, Hungarian, Russian, Swedish, and other languages.
Bibliography of Khazar Studies (1901-Present)

KHAZAR FICTION
A guide to conventionally-published novels, short stories, and poems about Khazaria.
Fictional Literature about the Khazars

THE KUZARI AND ITS AUTHOR
Yehudah ha-Levi was one of the greatest Spanish Jewish poets. He was born circa 1080 in Toledo, Spain, while it was under Islamic rule. He was a prolific writer of both Arabic and Hebrew poetry. From 1120 to 1140, ha-Levi wrote the famous 5-chapter book known as The Kuzari, which bases its storyline upon the Khazars' conversion to Judaism.
The Kuzari's References to the Khazar Conversion to Judaism
The Poetry and Prose of Yehudah ha-Levi

RUSSIAN-LANGUAGE HISTORIES OF KHAZARIA
This is a wonderfully illustrated guide to the history of the Khazars, compiled by staff at Rostov State University. The only unfortunate thing in the site is that Khazar Judaism is wrongly accused of causing strife and a civil war.
Khazarskiy Kaganat

THE KHAZAR CORRESPONDENCE
The Jews of Spain were introduced to facts about the Khazar kingdom largely through the efforts of Hasdai ibn Shaprut, vizier and physician to the Spanish caliphs, who wrote a letter to King Joseph of the Khazars.
Excerpts from the Letters of Hasdai ibn Shaprut and King Joseph

HISTORY OF THE PROTO-BULGARIANS
This book, translated from Bulgarian into English, chronicles the history and archaeology of the Khazars, Bulgars, North Caucasian Huns, and Alans. There are sections discussing the Khazar cities Sarkel and Balanjar. Includes maps, photographs, footnotes, quotes from historical sources.
History of the Proto-Bulgarians North and West of the Black Sea

OTHER ESSAYS ABOUT THE KHAZARS
Selected essays about Khazar history in English and Russian.
Khazars, by Roman K. Kovalev (from Encyclopedia of Russian History)
Khazaria, by Peter B. Golden (from The YIVO Encyclopedia of Jews in Eastern Europe)
Khazaria (586-1083 AD), by Dennis Leventhal
The Khazars, by Peter Wolfe and Jeff Zolitor
The Khazars, by Steven Lowe
The Khazar Kingdom: A Jewish Empire in the Middle Ages, by Rivka Shpak-Lissak
Khazar Khaganate, by Tristan Dugdale-Pointon (from Military History Encyclopedia on the Web)
Khazari: Il popolo dimenticato che difese l'Europa, by Lawrence M.F. Sudbury
Der erste Judenstaat Europas
Xazarskiy kostyum VII-X vv., by Aleksey (Kutluk) Tselikovskiy - about Khazarian and North Caucasian costumes
"Russkie xazary", with Svetlana Pletnyova and Vladimir Petrukhin
Khazary, by Svetlana A. Pletnyova
"Xazary. Xazarskii kaganat. Prinyatie iudaizma. Rastsvet i gibel' Xazarii." (Chapter 2) and "Xazary i slavyane. Evrey i Kievskaya Rus'. Nashestvie mongolov." (Chapter 3) in Ocherki vremen i sobytii, by Feliks S. Kandel'
Iudeo-xazarskoye tsarstvo v drevnyaya Rus', by Grigorii Vinogradov
K Istorii Yevreyskikh Obshchin Severnogo Kavkaza, by E. A. Rabaev
Novye materialy k probleme izucheniya slavyano-xazarskix otnosheniy (po pamyatnikam Severskogo Dontsa), by V. V. Koloda - about apparent coexistence and synchretism between certain groups of Khazars and Slavs
Issledovaniya v Verxnem Saltove v 1996 godu, by V. V. Koloda - discusses Khazarian/Saltovo burials, one of which contained a well-conserved felt boot
Krupneyshey punkt (gorod) Khazarii, by A. V. Kryganov - discusses the more than 30 Khazarian cities, some of which (particularly Atil) have not yet been located
Vooruzhenie i voennoe delo Khazarskogo kaganata, by A. V. Komar and Oleg Sukhobokov
Rannie khazary v Severnom Prichernomorye (Postanovka problemy), by A. V. Komar
Xazary, Xazarskiy kaganat - includes Mikhael Gorelik's illustration of Khazar kagan's palace in Atil
Rusi i Bizantiya, by Igor Godovich Semyonov
600 Lyet Vmeste i 50 Lyet Lzhi, by Semyon Charny, in Lekhaim, March 2003
V Storonu Khazarii, by Denis Sobolev, in Zhurnal "22" No. 103, pp. 114 ff. - brief history of Khazars
Vozvrashchenie v Khazariyu, by Denis Sobolev, in Zhurnal "22" No. 108, pp. 162 ff. - about controversy of descendants of Khazars and origins of Russian Jews
Tsarskie imenovaniya v drevnerusskom tezauruse problemi interpretatsii, by Dmitrii Kudryavtsev
The founding family of Kyivan-Rus': Sviatoslav the Conqueror, Part I, by Ingert Kuzych
KHAZARIAN NAMES: A list of personal names that the Khazars used in their own country, including Turkic, Hebrew, and Slavic names.
Khazarian Names

EXCAVATION REPORTS FROM CHASTIYE KURGANY AND GOLDEN HILLS
Excavation reports with photographs of Khazarian graves and objects.
Khazar Burial Mounds at Chastiye Kurgany
Khazar-Era Fortress of Golden Hills (Zolotiye Gorki)

BIBLIOGRAPHY OF KHAZAR STUDIES
The largest database of references of books and articles about Khazarian history, including works in English, French, German, Hebrew, Hungarian, Russian, Swedish, and other languages.
Bibliography of Khazar Studies (1901-Present)

KHAZAR FICTION
A guide to conventionally-published novels, short stories, and poems about Khazaria.
Fictional Literature about the Khazars

THE KUZARI AND ITS AUTHOR
Yehudah ha-Levi was one of the greatest Spanish Jewish poets. He was born circa 1080 in Toledo, Spain, while it was under Islamic rule. He was a prolific writer of both Arabic and Hebrew poetry. From 1120 to 1140, ha-Levi wrote the famous 5-chapter book known as The Kuzari, which bases its storyline upon the Khazars' conversion to Judaism.
The Kuzari's References to the Khazar Conversion to Judaism
The Poetry and Prose of Yehudah ha-Levi

RUSSIAN-LANGUAGE HISTORIES OF KHAZARIA
This is a wonderfully illustrated guide to the history of the Khazars, compiled by staff at Rostov State University. The only unfortunate thing in the site is that Khazar Judaism is wrongly accused of causing strife and a civil war.
Khazarskiy Kaganat

THE KHAZAR CORRESPONDENCE
The Jews of Spain were introduced to facts about the Khazar kingdom largely through the efforts of Hasdai ibn Shaprut, vizier and physician to the Spanish caliphs, who wrote a letter to King Joseph of the Khazars.
Excerpts from the Letters of Hasdai ibn Shaprut and King Joseph

HISTORY OF THE PROTO-BULGARIANS
This book, translated from Bulgarian into English, chronicles the history and archaeology of the Khazars, Bulgars, North Caucasian Huns, and Alans. There are sections discussing the Khazar cities Sarkel and Balanjar. Includes maps, photographs, footnotes, quotes from historical sources.
History of the Proto-Bulgarians North and West of the Black Sea

OTHER ESSAYS ABOUT THE KHAZARS
Selected essays about Khazar history in English and Russian.
Khazars, by Roman K. Kovalev (from Encyclopedia of Russian History)
Khazaria, by Peter B. Golden (from The YIVO Encyclopedia of Jews in Eastern Europe)
Khazaria (586-1083 AD), by Dennis Leventhal
The Khazars, by Peter Wolfe and Jeff Zolitor
The Khazars, by Steven Lowe
The Khazar Kingdom: A Jewish Empire in the Middle Ages, by Rivka Shpak-Lissak
Khazar Khaganate, by Tristan Dugdale-Pointon (from Military History Encyclopedia on the Web)
Khazari: Il popolo dimenticato che difese l'Europa, by Lawrence M.F. Sudbury
Der erste Judenstaat Europas
Xazarskiy kostyum VII-X vv., by Aleksey (Kutluk) Tselikovskiy - about Khazarian and North Caucasian costumes
"Russkie xazary", with Svetlana Pletnyova and Vladimir Petrukhin
Khazary, by Svetlana A. Pletnyova
"Xazary. Xazarskii kaganat. Prinyatie iudaizma. Rastsvet i gibel' Xazarii." (Chapter 2) and "Xazary i slavyane. Evrey i Kievskaya Rus'. Nashestvie mongolov." (Chapter 3) in Ocherki vremen i sobytii, by Feliks S. Kandel'
Iudeo-xazarskoye tsarstvo v drevnyaya Rus', by Grigorii Vinogradov
K Istorii Yevreyskikh Obshchin Severnogo Kavkaza, by E. A. Rabaev
Novye materialy k probleme izucheniya slavyano-xazarskix otnosheniy (po pamyatnikam Severskogo Dontsa), by V. V. Koloda - about apparent coexistence and synchretism between certain groups of Khazars and Slavs
Issledovaniya v Verxnem Saltove v 1996 godu, by V. V. Koloda - discusses Khazarian/Saltovo burials, one of which contained a well-conserved felt boot
Krupneyshey punkt (gorod) Khazarii, by A. V. Kryganov - discusses the more than 30 Khazarian cities, some of which (particularly Atil) have not yet been located
Vooruzhenie i voennoe delo Khazarskogo kaganata, by A. V. Komar and Oleg Sukhobokov
Rannie khazary v Severnom Prichernomorye (Postanovka problemy), by A. V. Komar
Xazary, Xazarskiy kaganat - includes Mikhael Gorelik's illustration of Khazar kagan's palace in Atil
Rusi i Bizantiya, by Igor Godovich Semyonov
600 Lyet Vmeste i 50 Lyet Lzhi, by Semyon Charny, in Lekhaim, March 2003
V Storonu Khazarii, by Denis Sobolev, in Zhurnal "22" No. 103, pp. 114 ff. - brief history of Khazars
Vozvrashchenie v Khazariyu, by Denis Sobolev, in Zhurnal "22" No. 108, pp. 162 ff. - about controversy of descendants of Khazars and origins of Russian Jews
Tsarskie imenovaniya v drevnerusskom tezauruse problemi interpretatsii, by Dmitrii Kudryavtsev
The founding family of Kyivan-Rus': Sviatoslav the Conqueror, Part I, by Ingert Kuzych
EXCAVATION REPORTS FROM CHASTIYE KURGANY AND GOLDEN HILLS: Excavation reports with photographs of Khazarian graves and objects.
Khazar Burial Mounds at Chastiye Kurgany
Khazar-Era Fortress of Golden Hills (Zolotiye Gorki)

BIBLIOGRAPHY OF KHAZAR STUDIES
The largest database of references of books and articles about Khazarian history, including works in English, French, German, Hebrew, Hungarian, Russian, Swedish, and other languages.
Bibliography of Khazar Studies (1901-Present)

KHAZAR FICTION
A guide to conventionally-published novels, short stories, and poems about Khazaria.
Fictional Literature about the Khazars

THE KUZARI AND ITS AUTHOR
Yehudah ha-Levi was one of the greatest Spanish Jewish poets. He was born circa 1080 in Toledo, Spain, while it was under Islamic rule. He was a prolific writer of both Arabic and Hebrew poetry. From 1120 to 1140, ha-Levi wrote the famous 5-chapter book known as The Kuzari, which bases its storyline upon the Khazars' conversion to Judaism.
The Kuzari's References to the Khazar Conversion to Judaism
The Poetry and Prose of Yehudah ha-Levi

RUSSIAN-LANGUAGE HISTORIES OF KHAZARIA
This is a wonderfully illustrated guide to the history of the Khazars, compiled by staff at Rostov State University. The only unfortunate thing in the site is that Khazar Judaism is wrongly accused of causing strife and a civil war.
Khazarskiy Kaganat

THE KHAZAR CORRESPONDENCE
The Jews of Spain were introduced to facts about the Khazar kingdom largely through the efforts of Hasdai ibn Shaprut, vizier and physician to the Spanish caliphs, who wrote a letter to King Joseph of the Khazars.
Excerpts from the Letters of Hasdai ibn Shaprut and King Joseph

HISTORY OF THE PROTO-BULGARIANS
This book, translated from Bulgarian into English, chronicles the history and archaeology of the Khazars, Bulgars, North Caucasian Huns, and Alans. There are sections discussing the Khazar cities Sarkel and Balanjar. Includes maps, photographs, footnotes, quotes from historical sources.
History of the Proto-Bulgarians North and West of the Black Sea

OTHER ESSAYS ABOUT THE KHAZARS
Selected essays about Khazar history in English and Russian.
Khazars, by Roman K. Kovalev (from Encyclopedia of Russian History)
Khazaria, by Peter B. Golden (from The YIVO Encyclopedia of Jews in Eastern Europe)
Khazaria (586-1083 AD), by Dennis Leventhal
The Khazars, by Peter Wolfe and Jeff Zolitor
The Khazars, by Steven Lowe
The Khazar Kingdom: A Jewish Empire in the Middle Ages, by Rivka Shpak-Lissak
Khazar Khaganate, by Tristan Dugdale-Pointon (from Military History Encyclopedia on the Web)
Khazari: Il popolo dimenticato che difese l'Europa, by Lawrence M.F. Sudbury
Der erste Judenstaat Europas
Xazarskiy kostyum VII-X vv., by Aleksey (Kutluk) Tselikovskiy - about Khazarian and North Caucasian costumes
"Russkie xazary", with Svetlana Pletnyova and Vladimir Petrukhin
Khazary, by Svetlana A. Pletnyova
"Xazary. Xazarskii kaganat. Prinyatie iudaizma. Rastsvet i gibel' Xazarii." (Chapter 2) and "Xazary i slavyane. Evrey i Kievskaya Rus'. Nashestvie mongolov." (Chapter 3) in Ocherki vremen i sobytii, by Feliks S. Kandel'
Iudeo-xazarskoye tsarstvo v drevnyaya Rus', by Grigorii Vinogradov
K Istorii Yevreyskikh Obshchin Severnogo Kavkaza, by E. A. Rabaev
Novye materialy k probleme izucheniya slavyano-xazarskix otnosheniy (po pamyatnikam Severskogo Dontsa), by V. V. Koloda - about apparent coexistence and synchretism between certain groups of Khazars and Slavs
Issledovaniya v Verxnem Saltove v 1996 godu, by V. V. Koloda - discusses Khazarian/Saltovo burials, one of which contained a well-conserved felt boot
Krupneyshey punkt (gorod) Khazarii, by A. V. Kryganov - discusses the more than 30 Khazarian cities, some of which (particularly Atil) have not yet been located
Vooruzhenie i voennoe delo Khazarskogo kaganata, by A. V. Komar and Oleg Sukhobokov
Rannie khazary v Severnom Prichernomorye (Postanovka problemy), by A. V. Komar
Xazary, Xazarskiy kaganat - includes Mikhael Gorelik's illustration of Khazar kagan's palace in Atil
Rusi i Bizantiya, by Igor Godovich Semyonov
600 Lyet Vmeste i 50 Lyet Lzhi, by Semyon Charny, in Lekhaim, March 2003
V Storonu Khazarii, by Denis Sobolev, in Zhurnal "22" No. 103, pp. 114 ff. - brief history of Khazars
Vozvrashchenie v Khazariyu, by Denis Sobolev, in Zhurnal "22" No. 108, pp. 162 ff. - about controversy of descendants of Khazars and origins of Russian Jews
Tsarskie imenovaniya v drevnerusskom tezauruse problemi interpretatsii, by Dmitrii Kudryavtsev
The founding family of Kyivan-Rus': Sviatoslav the Conqueror, Part I, by Ingert Kuzych
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF KHAZAR STUDIES: The largest database of references of books and articles about Khazarian history, including works in English, French, German, Hebrew, Hungarian, Russian, Swedish, and other languages.
Bibliography of Khazar Studies (1901-Present)

KHAZAR FICTION
A guide to conventionally-published novels, short stories, and poems about Khazaria.
Fictional Literature about the Khazars

THE KUZARI AND ITS AUTHOR
Yehudah ha-Levi was one of the greatest Spanish Jewish poets. He was born circa 1080 in Toledo, Spain, while it was under Islamic rule. He was a prolific writer of both Arabic and Hebrew poetry. From 1120 to 1140, ha-Levi wrote the famous 5-chapter book known as The Kuzari, which bases its storyline upon the Khazars' conversion to Judaism.
The Kuzari's References to the Khazar Conversion to Judaism
The Poetry and Prose of Yehudah ha-Levi

RUSSIAN-LANGUAGE HISTORIES OF KHAZARIA
This is a wonderfully illustrated guide to the history of the Khazars, compiled by staff at Rostov State University. The only unfortunate thing in the site is that Khazar Judaism is wrongly accused of causing strife and a civil war.
Khazarskiy Kaganat

THE KHAZAR CORRESPONDENCE
The Jews of Spain were introduced to facts about the Khazar kingdom largely through the efforts of Hasdai ibn Shaprut, vizier and physician to the Spanish caliphs, who wrote a letter to King Joseph of the Khazars.
Excerpts from the Letters of Hasdai ibn Shaprut and King Joseph

HISTORY OF THE PROTO-BULGARIANS
This book, translated from Bulgarian into English, chronicles the history and archaeology of the Khazars, Bulgars, North Caucasian Huns, and Alans. There are sections discussing the Khazar cities Sarkel and Balanjar. Includes maps, photographs, footnotes, quotes from historical sources.
History of the Proto-Bulgarians North and West of the Black Sea

OTHER ESSAYS ABOUT THE KHAZARS
Selected essays about Khazar history in English and Russian.
Khazars, by Roman K. Kovalev (from Encyclopedia of Russian History)
Khazaria, by Peter B. Golden (from The YIVO Encyclopedia of Jews in Eastern Europe)
Khazaria (586-1083 AD), by Dennis Leventhal
The Khazars, by Peter Wolfe and Jeff Zolitor
The Khazars, by Steven Lowe
The Khazar Kingdom: A Jewish Empire in the Middle Ages, by Rivka Shpak-Lissak
Khazar Khaganate, by Tristan Dugdale-Pointon (from Military History Encyclopedia on the Web)
Khazari: Il popolo dimenticato che difese l'Europa, by Lawrence M.F. Sudbury
Der erste Judenstaat Europas
Xazarskiy kostyum VII-X vv., by Aleksey (Kutluk) Tselikovskiy - about Khazarian and North Caucasian costumes
"Russkie xazary", with Svetlana Pletnyova and Vladimir Petrukhin
Khazary, by Svetlana A. Pletnyova
"Xazary. Xazarskii kaganat. Prinyatie iudaizma. Rastsvet i gibel' Xazarii." (Chapter 2) and "Xazary i slavyane. Evrey i Kievskaya Rus'. Nashestvie mongolov." (Chapter 3) in Ocherki vremen i sobytii, by Feliks S. Kandel'
Iudeo-xazarskoye tsarstvo v drevnyaya Rus', by Grigorii Vinogradov
K Istorii Yevreyskikh Obshchin Severnogo Kavkaza, by E. A. Rabaev
Novye materialy k probleme izucheniya slavyano-xazarskix otnosheniy (po pamyatnikam Severskogo Dontsa), by V. V. Koloda - about apparent coexistence and synchretism between certain groups of Khazars and Slavs
Issledovaniya v Verxnem Saltove v 1996 godu, by V. V. Koloda - discusses Khazarian/Saltovo burials, one of which contained a well-conserved felt boot
Krupneyshey punkt (gorod) Khazarii, by A. V. Kryganov - discusses the more than 30 Khazarian cities, some of which (particularly Atil) have not yet been located
Vooruzhenie i voennoe delo Khazarskogo kaganata, by A. V. Komar and Oleg Sukhobokov
Rannie khazary v Severnom Prichernomorye (Postanovka problemy), by A. V. Komar
Xazary, Xazarskiy kaganat - includes Mikhael Gorelik's illustration of Khazar kagan's palace in Atil
Rusi i Bizantiya, by Igor Godovich Semyonov
600 Lyet Vmeste i 50 Lyet Lzhi, by Semyon Charny, in Lekhaim, March 2003
V Storonu Khazarii, by Denis Sobolev, in Zhurnal "22" No. 103, pp. 114 ff. - brief history of Khazars
Vozvrashchenie v Khazariyu, by Denis Sobolev, in Zhurnal "22" No. 108, pp. 162 ff. - about controversy of descendants of Khazars and origins of Russian Jews
Tsarskie imenovaniya v drevnerusskom tezauruse problemi interpretatsii, by Dmitrii Kudryavtsev
The founding family of Kyivan-Rus': Sviatoslav the Conqueror, Part I, by Ingert Kuzych
KHAZAR FICTION: A guide to conventionally-published novels, short stories, and poems about Khazaria.
Fictional Literature about the Khazars

THE KUZARI AND ITS AUTHOR
Yehudah ha-Levi was one of the greatest Spanish Jewish poets. He was born circa 1080 in Toledo, Spain, while it was under Islamic rule. He was a prolific writer of both Arabic and Hebrew poetry. From 1120 to 1140, ha-Levi wrote the famous 5-chapter book known as The Kuzari, which bases its storyline upon the Khazars' conversion to Judaism.
The Kuzari's References to the Khazar Conversion to Judaism
The Poetry and Prose of Yehudah ha-Levi

RUSSIAN-LANGUAGE HISTORIES OF KHAZARIA
This is a wonderfully illustrated guide to the history of the Khazars, compiled by staff at Rostov State University. The only unfortunate thing in the site is that Khazar Judaism is wrongly accused of causing strife and a civil war.
Khazarskiy Kaganat

THE KHAZAR CORRESPONDENCE
The Jews of Spain were introduced to facts about the Khazar kingdom largely through the efforts of Hasdai ibn Shaprut, vizier and physician to the Spanish caliphs, who wrote a letter to King Joseph of the Khazars.
Excerpts from the Letters of Hasdai ibn Shaprut and King Joseph

HISTORY OF THE PROTO-BULGARIANS
This book, translated from Bulgarian into English, chronicles the history and archaeology of the Khazars, Bulgars, North Caucasian Huns, and Alans. There are sections discussing the Khazar cities Sarkel and Balanjar. Includes maps, photographs, footnotes, quotes from historical sources.
History of the Proto-Bulgarians North and West of the Black Sea

OTHER ESSAYS ABOUT THE KHAZARS
Selected essays about Khazar history in English and Russian.
Khazars, by Roman K. Kovalev (from Encyclopedia of Russian History)
Khazaria, by Peter B. Golden (from The YIVO Encyclopedia of Jews in Eastern Europe)
Khazaria (586-1083 AD), by Dennis Leventhal
The Khazars, by Peter Wolfe and Jeff Zolitor
The Khazars, by Steven Lowe
The Khazar Kingdom: A Jewish Empire in the Middle Ages, by Rivka Shpak-Lissak
Khazar Khaganate, by Tristan Dugdale-Pointon (from Military History Encyclopedia on the Web)
Khazari: Il popolo dimenticato che difese l'Europa, by Lawrence M.F. Sudbury
Der erste Judenstaat Europas
Xazarskiy kostyum VII-X vv., by Aleksey (Kutluk) Tselikovskiy - about Khazarian and North Caucasian costumes
"Russkie xazary", with Svetlana Pletnyova and Vladimir Petrukhin
Khazary, by Svetlana A. Pletnyova
"Xazary. Xazarskii kaganat. Prinyatie iudaizma. Rastsvet i gibel' Xazarii." (Chapter 2) and "Xazary i slavyane. Evrey i Kievskaya Rus'. Nashestvie mongolov." (Chapter 3) in Ocherki vremen i sobytii, by Feliks S. Kandel'
Iudeo-xazarskoye tsarstvo v drevnyaya Rus', by Grigorii Vinogradov
K Istorii Yevreyskikh Obshchin Severnogo Kavkaza, by E. A. Rabaev
Novye materialy k probleme izucheniya slavyano-xazarskix otnosheniy (po pamyatnikam Severskogo Dontsa), by V. V. Koloda - about apparent coexistence and synchretism between certain groups of Khazars and Slavs
Issledovaniya v Verxnem Saltove v 1996 godu, by V. V. Koloda - discusses Khazarian/Saltovo burials, one of which contained a well-conserved felt boot
Krupneyshey punkt (gorod) Khazarii, by A. V. Kryganov - discusses the more than 30 Khazarian cities, some of which (particularly Atil) have not yet been located
Vooruzhenie i voennoe delo Khazarskogo kaganata, by A. V. Komar and Oleg Sukhobokov
Rannie khazary v Severnom Prichernomorye (Postanovka problemy), by A. V. Komar
Xazary, Xazarskiy kaganat - includes Mikhael Gorelik's illustration of Khazar kagan's palace in Atil
Rusi i Bizantiya, by Igor Godovich Semyonov
600 Lyet Vmeste i 50 Lyet Lzhi, by Semyon Charny, in Lekhaim, March 2003
V Storonu Khazarii, by Denis Sobolev, in Zhurnal "22" No. 103, pp. 114 ff. - brief history of Khazars
Vozvrashchenie v Khazariyu, by Denis Sobolev, in Zhurnal "22" No. 108, pp. 162 ff. - about controversy of descendants of Khazars and origins of Russian Jews
Tsarskie imenovaniya v drevnerusskom tezauruse problemi interpretatsii, by Dmitrii Kudryavtsev
The founding family of Kyivan-Rus': Sviatoslav the Conqueror, Part I, by Ingert Kuzych
THE KUZARI AND ITS AUTHOR: Yehudah ha-Levi was one of the greatest Spanish Jewish poets. He was born circa 1080 in Toledo, Spain, while it was under Islamic rule. He was a prolific writer of both Arabic and Hebrew poetry. From 1120 to 1140, ha-Levi wrote the famous 5-chapter book known as The Kuzari, which bases its storyline upon the Khazars' conversion to Judaism.
The Kuzari's References to the Khazar Conversion to Judaism
The Poetry and Prose of Yehudah ha-Levi

RUSSIAN-LANGUAGE HISTORIES OF KHAZARIA
This is a wonderfully illustrated guide to the history of the Khazars, compiled by staff at Rostov State University. The only unfortunate thing in the site is that Khazar Judaism is wrongly accused of causing strife and a civil war.
Khazarskiy Kaganat

THE KHAZAR CORRESPONDENCE
The Jews of Spain were introduced to facts about the Khazar kingdom largely through the efforts of Hasdai ibn Shaprut, vizier and physician to the Spanish caliphs, who wrote a letter to King Joseph of the Khazars.
Excerpts from the Letters of Hasdai ibn Shaprut and King Joseph

HISTORY OF THE PROTO-BULGARIANS
This book, translated from Bulgarian into English, chronicles the history and archaeology of the Khazars, Bulgars, North Caucasian Huns, and Alans. There are sections discussing the Khazar cities Sarkel and Balanjar. Includes maps, photographs, footnotes, quotes from historical sources.
History of the Proto-Bulgarians North and West of the Black Sea

OTHER ESSAYS ABOUT THE KHAZARS
Selected essays about Khazar history in English and Russian.
Khazars, by Roman K. Kovalev (from Encyclopedia of Russian History)
Khazaria, by Peter B. Golden (from The YIVO Encyclopedia of Jews in Eastern Europe)
Khazaria (586-1083 AD), by Dennis Leventhal
The Khazars, by Peter Wolfe and Jeff Zolitor
The Khazars, by Steven Lowe
The Khazar Kingdom: A Jewish Empire in the Middle Ages, by Rivka Shpak-Lissak
Khazar Khaganate, by Tristan Dugdale-Pointon (from Military History Encyclopedia on the Web)
Khazari: Il popolo dimenticato che difese l'Europa, by Lawrence M.F. Sudbury
Der erste Judenstaat Europas
Xazarskiy kostyum VII-X vv., by Aleksey (Kutluk) Tselikovskiy - about Khazarian and North Caucasian costumes
"Russkie xazary", with Svetlana Pletnyova and Vladimir Petrukhin
Khazary, by Svetlana A. Pletnyova
"Xazary. Xazarskii kaganat. Prinyatie iudaizma. Rastsvet i gibel' Xazarii." (Chapter 2) and "Xazary i slavyane. Evrey i Kievskaya Rus'. Nashestvie mongolov." (Chapter 3) in Ocherki vremen i sobytii, by Feliks S. Kandel'
Iudeo-xazarskoye tsarstvo v drevnyaya Rus', by Grigorii Vinogradov
K Istorii Yevreyskikh Obshchin Severnogo Kavkaza, by E. A. Rabaev
Novye materialy k probleme izucheniya slavyano-xazarskix otnosheniy (po pamyatnikam Severskogo Dontsa), by V. V. Koloda - about apparent coexistence and synchretism between certain groups of Khazars and Slavs
Issledovaniya v Verxnem Saltove v 1996 godu, by V. V. Koloda - discusses Khazarian/Saltovo burials, one of which contained a well-conserved felt boot
Krupneyshey punkt (gorod) Khazarii, by A. V. Kryganov - discusses the more than 30 Khazarian cities, some of which (particularly Atil) have not yet been located
Vooruzhenie i voennoe delo Khazarskogo kaganata, by A. V. Komar and Oleg Sukhobokov
Rannie khazary v Severnom Prichernomorye (Postanovka problemy), by A. V. Komar
Xazary, Xazarskiy kaganat - includes Mikhael Gorelik's illustration of Khazar kagan's palace in Atil
Rusi i Bizantiya, by Igor Godovich Semyonov
600 Lyet Vmeste i 50 Lyet Lzhi, by Semyon Charny, in Lekhaim, March 2003
V Storonu Khazarii, by Denis Sobolev, in Zhurnal "22" No. 103, pp. 114 ff. - brief history of Khazars
Vozvrashchenie v Khazariyu, by Denis Sobolev, in Zhurnal "22" No. 108, pp. 162 ff. - about controversy of descendants of Khazars and origins of Russian Jews
Tsarskie imenovaniya v drevnerusskom tezauruse problemi interpretatsii, by Dmitrii Kudryavtsev
The founding family of Kyivan-Rus': Sviatoslav the Conqueror, Part I, by Ingert Kuzych
RUSSIAN-LANGUAGE HISTORIES OF KHAZARIA: This is a wonderfully illustrated guide to the history of the Khazars, compiled by staff at Rostov State University. The only unfortunate thing in the site is that Khazar Judaism is wrongly accused of causing strife and a civil war.
Khazarskiy Kaganat

THE KHAZAR CORRESPONDENCE
The Jews of Spain were introduced to facts about the Khazar kingdom largely through the efforts of Hasdai ibn Shaprut, vizier and physician to the Spanish caliphs, who wrote a letter to King Joseph of the Khazars.
Excerpts from the Letters of Hasdai ibn Shaprut and King Joseph

HISTORY OF THE PROTO-BULGARIANS
This book, translated from Bulgarian into English, chronicles the history and archaeology of the Khazars, Bulgars, North Caucasian Huns, and Alans. There are sections discussing the Khazar cities Sarkel and Balanjar. Includes maps, photographs, footnotes, quotes from historical sources.
History of the Proto-Bulgarians North and West of the Black Sea

OTHER ESSAYS ABOUT THE KHAZARS
Selected essays about Khazar history in English and Russian.
Khazars, by Roman K. Kovalev (from Encyclopedia of Russian History)
Khazaria, by Peter B. Golden (from The YIVO Encyclopedia of Jews in Eastern Europe)
Khazaria (586-1083 AD), by Dennis Leventhal
The Khazars, by Peter Wolfe and Jeff Zolitor
The Khazars, by Steven Lowe
The Khazar Kingdom: A Jewish Empire in the Middle Ages, by Rivka Shpak-Lissak
Khazar Khaganate, by Tristan Dugdale-Pointon (from Military History Encyclopedia on the Web)
Khazari: Il popolo dimenticato che difese l'Europa, by Lawrence M.F. Sudbury
Der erste Judenstaat Europas
Xazarskiy kostyum VII-X vv., by Aleksey (Kutluk) Tselikovskiy - about Khazarian and North Caucasian costumes
"Russkie xazary", with Svetlana Pletnyova and Vladimir Petrukhin
Khazary, by Svetlana A. Pletnyova
"Xazary. Xazarskii kaganat. Prinyatie iudaizma. Rastsvet i gibel' Xazarii." (Chapter 2) and "Xazary i slavyane. Evrey i Kievskaya Rus'. Nashestvie mongolov." (Chapter 3) in Ocherki vremen i sobytii, by Feliks S. Kandel'
Iudeo-xazarskoye tsarstvo v drevnyaya Rus', by Grigorii Vinogradov
K Istorii Yevreyskikh Obshchin Severnogo Kavkaza, by E. A. Rabaev
Novye materialy k probleme izucheniya slavyano-xazarskix otnosheniy (po pamyatnikam Severskogo Dontsa), by V. V. Koloda - about apparent coexistence and synchretism between certain groups of Khazars and Slavs
Issledovaniya v Verxnem Saltove v 1996 godu, by V. V. Koloda - discusses Khazarian/Saltovo burials, one of which contained a well-conserved felt boot
Krupneyshey punkt (gorod) Khazarii, by A. V. Kryganov - discusses the more than 30 Khazarian cities, some of which (particularly Atil) have not yet been located
Vooruzhenie i voennoe delo Khazarskogo kaganata, by A. V. Komar and Oleg Sukhobokov
Rannie khazary v Severnom Prichernomorye (Postanovka problemy), by A. V. Komar
Xazary, Xazarskiy kaganat - includes Mikhael Gorelik's illustration of Khazar kagan's palace in Atil
Rusi i Bizantiya, by Igor Godovich Semyonov
600 Lyet Vmeste i 50 Lyet Lzhi, by Semyon Charny, in Lekhaim, March 2003
V Storonu Khazarii, by Denis Sobolev, in Zhurnal "22" No. 103, pp. 114 ff. - brief history of Khazars
Vozvrashchenie v Khazariyu, by Denis Sobolev, in Zhurnal "22" No. 108, pp. 162 ff. - about controversy of descendants of Khazars and origins of Russian Jews
Tsarskie imenovaniya v drevnerusskom tezauruse problemi interpretatsii, by Dmitrii Kudryavtsev
The founding family of Kyivan-Rus': Sviatoslav the Conqueror, Part I, by Ingert Kuzych
THE KHAZAR CORRESPONDENCE: The Jews of Spain were introduced to facts about the Khazar kingdom largely through the efforts of Hasdai ibn Shaprut, vizier and physician to the Spanish caliphs, who wrote a letter to King Joseph of the Khazars.
Excerpts from the Letters of Hasdai ibn Shaprut and King Joseph

HISTORY OF THE PROTO-BULGARIANS
This book, translated from Bulgarian into English, chronicles the history and archaeology of the Khazars, Bulgars, North Caucasian Huns, and Alans. There are sections discussing the Khazar cities Sarkel and Balanjar. Includes maps, photographs, footnotes, quotes from historical sources.
History of the Proto-Bulgarians North and West of the Black Sea

OTHER ESSAYS ABOUT THE KHAZARS
Selected essays about Khazar history in English and Russian.
Khazars, by Roman K. Kovalev (from Encyclopedia of Russian History)
Khazaria, by Peter B. Golden (from The YIVO Encyclopedia of Jews in Eastern Europe)
Khazaria (586-1083 AD), by Dennis Leventhal
The Khazars, by Peter Wolfe and Jeff Zolitor
The Khazars, by Steven Lowe
The Khazar Kingdom: A Jewish Empire in the Middle Ages, by Rivka Shpak-Lissak
Khazar Khaganate, by Tristan Dugdale-Pointon (from Military History Encyclopedia on the Web)
Khazari: Il popolo dimenticato che difese l'Europa, by Lawrence M.F. Sudbury
Der erste Judenstaat Europas
Xazarskiy kostyum VII-X vv., by Aleksey (Kutluk) Tselikovskiy - about Khazarian and North Caucasian costumes
"Russkie xazary", with Svetlana Pletnyova and Vladimir Petrukhin
Khazary, by Svetlana A. Pletnyova
"Xazary. Xazarskii kaganat. Prinyatie iudaizma. Rastsvet i gibel' Xazarii." (Chapter 2) and "Xazary i slavyane. Evrey i Kievskaya Rus'. Nashestvie mongolov." (Chapter 3) in Ocherki vremen i sobytii, by Feliks S. Kandel'
Iudeo-xazarskoye tsarstvo v drevnyaya Rus', by Grigorii Vinogradov
K Istorii Yevreyskikh Obshchin Severnogo Kavkaza, by E. A. Rabaev
Novye materialy k probleme izucheniya slavyano-xazarskix otnosheniy (po pamyatnikam Severskogo Dontsa), by V. V. Koloda - about apparent coexistence and synchretism between certain groups of Khazars and Slavs
Issledovaniya v Verxnem Saltove v 1996 godu, by V. V. Koloda - discusses Khazarian/Saltovo burials, one of which contained a well-conserved felt boot
Krupneyshey punkt (gorod) Khazarii, by A. V. Kryganov - discusses the more than 30 Khazarian cities, some of which (particularly Atil) have not yet been located
Vooruzhenie i voennoe delo Khazarskogo kaganata, by A. V. Komar and Oleg Sukhobokov
Rannie khazary v Severnom Prichernomorye (Postanovka problemy), by A. V. Komar
Xazary, Xazarskiy kaganat - includes Mikhael Gorelik's illustration of Khazar kagan's palace in Atil
Rusi i Bizantiya, by Igor Godovich Semyonov
600 Lyet Vmeste i 50 Lyet Lzhi, by Semyon Charny, in Lekhaim, March 2003
V Storonu Khazarii, by Denis Sobolev, in Zhurnal "22" No. 103, pp. 114 ff. - brief history of Khazars
Vozvrashchenie v Khazariyu, by Denis Sobolev, in Zhurnal "22" No. 108, pp. 162 ff. - about controversy of descendants of Khazars and origins of Russian Jews
Tsarskie imenovaniya v drevnerusskom tezauruse problemi interpretatsii, by Dmitrii Kudryavtsev
The founding family of Kyivan-Rus': Sviatoslav the Conqueror, Part I, by Ingert Kuzych
HISTORY OF THE PROTO-BULGARIANS: This book, translated from Bulgarian into English, chronicles the history and archaeology of the Khazars, Bulgars, North Caucasian Huns, and Alans. There are sections discussing the Khazar cities Sarkel and Balanjar. Includes maps, photographs, footnotes, quotes from historical sources.
History of the Proto-Bulgarians North and West of the Black Sea

OTHER ESSAYS ABOUT THE KHAZARS
Selected essays about Khazar history in English and Russian.
Khazars, by Roman K. Kovalev (from Encyclopedia of Russian History)
Khazaria, by Peter B. Golden (from The YIVO Encyclopedia of Jews in Eastern Europe)
Khazaria (586-1083 AD), by Dennis Leventhal
The Khazars, by Peter Wolfe and Jeff Zolitor
The Khazars, by Steven Lowe
The Khazar Kingdom: A Jewish Empire in the Middle Ages, by Rivka Shpak-Lissak
Khazar Khaganate, by Tristan Dugdale-Pointon (from Military History Encyclopedia on the Web)
Khazari: Il popolo dimenticato che difese l'Europa, by Lawrence M.F. Sudbury
Der erste Judenstaat Europas
Xazarskiy kostyum VII-X vv., by Aleksey (Kutluk) Tselikovskiy - about Khazarian and North Caucasian costumes
"Russkie xazary", with Svetlana Pletnyova and Vladimir Petrukhin
Khazary, by Svetlana A. Pletnyova
"Xazary. Xazarskii kaganat. Prinyatie iudaizma. Rastsvet i gibel' Xazarii." (Chapter 2) and "Xazary i slavyane. Evrey i Kievskaya Rus'. Nashestvie mongolov." (Chapter 3) in Ocherki vremen i sobytii, by Feliks S. Kandel'
Iudeo-xazarskoye tsarstvo v drevnyaya Rus', by Grigorii Vinogradov
K Istorii Yevreyskikh Obshchin Severnogo Kavkaza, by E. A. Rabaev
Novye materialy k probleme izucheniya slavyano-xazarskix otnosheniy (po pamyatnikam Severskogo Dontsa), by V. V. Koloda - about apparent coexistence and synchretism between certain groups of Khazars and Slavs
Issledovaniya v Verxnem Saltove v 1996 godu, by V. V. Koloda - discusses Khazarian/Saltovo burials, one of which contained a well-conserved felt boot
Krupneyshey punkt (gorod) Khazarii, by A. V. Kryganov - discusses the more than 30 Khazarian cities, some of which (particularly Atil) have not yet been located
Vooruzhenie i voennoe delo Khazarskogo kaganata, by A. V. Komar and Oleg Sukhobokov
Rannie khazary v Severnom Prichernomorye (Postanovka problemy), by A. V. Komar
Xazary, Xazarskiy kaganat - includes Mikhael Gorelik's illustration of Khazar kagan's palace in Atil
Rusi i Bizantiya, by Igor Godovich Semyonov
600 Lyet Vmeste i 50 Lyet Lzhi, by Semyon Charny, in Lekhaim, March 2003
V Storonu Khazarii, by Denis Sobolev, in Zhurnal "22" No. 103, pp. 114 ff. - brief history of Khazars
Vozvrashchenie v Khazariyu, by Denis Sobolev, in Zhurnal "22" No. 108, pp. 162 ff. - about controversy of descendants of Khazars and origins of Russian Jews
Tsarskie imenovaniya v drevnerusskom tezauruse problemi interpretatsii, by Dmitrii Kudryavtsev
The founding family of Kyivan-Rus': Sviatoslav the Conqueror, Part I, by Ingert Kuzych
OTHER ESSAYS ABOUT THE KHAZARS: Selected essays about Khazar history in English and Russian.
Khazars, by Roman K. Kovalev (from Encyclopedia of Russian History)
Khazaria, by Peter B. Golden (from The YIVO Encyclopedia of Jews in Eastern Europe)
Khazaria (586-1083 AD), by Dennis Leventhal
The Khazars, by Peter Wolfe and Jeff Zolitor
The Khazars, by Steven Lowe
The Khazar Kingdom: A Jewish Empire in the Middle Ages, by Rivka Shpak-Lissak
Khazar Khaganate, by Tristan Dugdale-Pointon (from Military History Encyclopedia on the Web)
Khazari: Il popolo dimenticato che difese l'Europa, by Lawrence M.F. Sudbury
Der erste Judenstaat Europas
Xazarskiy kostyum VII-X vv., by Aleksey (Kutluk) Tselikovskiy - about Khazarian and North Caucasian costumes
"Russkie xazary", with Svetlana Pletnyova and Vladimir Petrukhin
Khazary, by Svetlana A. Pletnyova
"Xazary. Xazarskii kaganat. Prinyatie iudaizma. Rastsvet i gibel' Xazarii." (Chapter 2) and "Xazary i slavyane. Evrey i Kievskaya Rus'. Nashestvie mongolov." (Chapter 3) in Ocherki vremen i sobytii, by Feliks S. Kandel'
Iudeo-xazarskoye tsarstvo v drevnyaya Rus', by Grigorii Vinogradov
K Istorii Yevreyskikh Obshchin Severnogo Kavkaza, by E. A. Rabaev
Novye materialy k probleme izucheniya slavyano-xazarskix otnosheniy (po pamyatnikam Severskogo Dontsa), by V. V. Koloda - about apparent coexistence and synchretism between certain groups of Khazars and Slavs
Issledovaniya v Verxnem Saltove v 1996 godu, by V. V. Koloda - discusses Khazarian/Saltovo burials, one of which contained a well-conserved felt boot
Krupneyshey punkt (gorod) Khazarii, by A. V. Kryganov - discusses the more than 30 Khazarian cities, some of which (particularly Atil) have not yet been located
Vooruzhenie i voennoe delo Khazarskogo kaganata, by A. V. Komar and Oleg Sukhobokov
Rannie khazary v Severnom Prichernomorye (Postanovka problemy), by A. V. Komar
Xazary, Xazarskiy kaganat - includes Mikhael Gorelik's illustration of Khazar kagan's palace in Atil
Rusi i Bizantiya, by Igor Godovich Semyonov
600 Lyet Vmeste i 50 Lyet Lzhi, by Semyon Charny, in Lekhaim, March 2003
V Storonu Khazarii, by Denis Sobolev, in Zhurnal "22" No. 103, pp. 114 ff. - brief history of Khazars
Vozvrashchenie v Khazariyu, by Denis Sobolev, in Zhurnal "22" No. 108, pp. 162 ff. - about controversy of descendants of Khazars and origins of Russian Jews
Tsarskie imenovaniya v drevnerusskom tezauruse problemi interpretatsii, by Dmitrii Kudryavtsev
The founding family of Kyivan-Rus': Sviatoslav the Conqueror, Part I, by Ingert Kuzych

Current Publications for Sale
THE JEWS OF KHAZARIA
by Kevin Alan Brook
This book discusses all major issues surrounding the Khazar Empire, including diplomacy, trade, culture, military affairs, Khazarian Judaism, and migrations. The book draws from major primary and secondary sources, and includes a concise timeline and glossary towards the end. This was the first English-language book on the Khazars to contain a substantial amount of archaeological data.
THE WORLD OF THE KHAZARS
edited by Peter B. Golden, Haggai Ben-Shammai, and András Róna-Tas
An expensive but valuable collection of wide-ranging views from academic specialists on the Khazars. The 18 articles discuss the Khazars' economy, language, international relations, and more.

'GORODA' I 'ZAMKI' KHAZARSKOGO KAGANATA
by Valerii S. Flyorov
An analysis of Khazarian settlements, buildings, fortresses, and craft production facilities.
THE KUZARI: IN DEFENSE OF THE DESPISED FAITH
translated and annotated by Rabbi N. Daniel Korobkin
In this classic philosophical work by Yehuda HaLevi, a Jewish sage explains the principles of Judaism to an inquisitive Khazar king. As a special bonus, the historical communications exchanged between Khazar King Joseph and the Spanish Jewish diplomat Hasdai ibn Shaprut are included in this volume.
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